PTEN and cancer: In addition to TP53, PTEN (phosphatase and tensinhomolog) has also been shown to contribute to carcinogenesis of BRCA1-associated BC(Martins et al., 2012).The protein product of PTEN is a potent inhibitor of thephosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) pathway, an oncogenic signaling cascade thatpromotes many of the cancer hallmarks (Carracedo andPandolfi, 2008).