No significant differences were observed between the groups for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors (gender, age, weight, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), organ disease (renal failure, coronary disease, valvular disease, coronary and valvular disease, and systolic dysfunction), or antihypertensive treatment (angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics). Here, ACE is linked to kidney failure.