Plasma MCP-1 levels were significantly increased in the acute stage in VAP patients (1579.72 ± 211.47 ng/mL) when compared with patients without VAP (632.86 ± 349.91 ng/mL; p = 0.0006) and the control group (176.02 ± 10.11 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Here, CCL2 is linked to ventilator-associated pneumonia.