Second, our screen of FDA approved anti-cancer compounds in Figure 3H and I reveals that drugs targeting upstream elements of the ERK cascade, including EGF receptor antagonists erlotinib, lapatinib and afatinib and the B-RAF inhibitors dabrafenib and vemurafenib were ineffective, or at best exhibited modest antiproliferative effects when used in combination with Ver-155008. Here, BRAF is linked to cancer.