Long-term, ad libitum consumption of a VLC diet by lean rats produced diabetes [14];in another study, consumption of a VLC diet by lean rats lowered their fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, but also produced glucose intolerance [15, 16], as well as hepatic and whole body insulin resistance when compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet [15]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.