Since we and others have shown that increases in beta cell number in adults, especially in some situations like pregnancy, transient hyperglycemia, preliminarily result from beta cell self-replication [14–18], it is very important to know that UPR may increase beta cell proliferation, possibly as a reactive response to high insulin demand and workload on ER in this short time window. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperglycemia.