PCDH19 and autism: In humans, mutations in protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) cause a female-limited form of infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Dibbens et al., 2008; Depienne et al., 2009), with further work suggesting that PCDH19 is also linked to a broader array of neural disorders, including autism (Piton et al., 2011).