Such a prominent reaction of B lymphocytes with excessive expression of IgM points to a possible hypergammaglobulinemia, resulting in a polyclonal expansion and production of immunoglobulins with only a minor proportion of specific antibodies, a phenomena that has been reported in two other myxozoan infections [46, 95–97], in other parasites of fish (T. borreli [98]) and mammals (Trypanosoma cruzi [44]; Plasmodium chabaudi [45]). This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and infection.