As a consequence of diagnosed cardiovascular diseases, a large percentage of study participants were taking medications, including angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) (n = 764; 48.8%), β-blockers (n = 603; 38.5%), diuretics (n = 513; 32.8%), and the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker–spironolactone (n = 193; 12.3%). This evidence concerns the gene ACE and cardiovascular disorder.