Levels of Atonal homolog 8 (ATOH8), a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, are reduced in HCC patients, and loss of ATOH8 increases the transcription of OCT4, NANOG, and CD133 and reduces chemo-sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin [112]. This evidence concerns the gene NANOG and hepatocellular carcinoma.