CYP1B1 and kidney disorder: While Cyp1b1 has been shown to have a protective role against cardiac and renal diseases in females, it aggravates the pathogenesis of these diseases in males, due to the action of this enzyme on estrogen and testosterone, respectively, as shown by ovariectomy and castration studies (Jennings et al., 2014; Pingili et al., 2016, 2017).