TNF and autoimmune disease: We and others reported that downregulation of certain spliceosome components promotes circRNA formation over canonical mRNA splicing (Shen et al., 2017; Wilusz, 2018); and that proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a, inflammation (Liang et al., 2017), autoimmune disease (Xiong et al., 2006b), and tumors modulate alternative splicing (Ng et al., 2004) and spliceosome (Yan et al., 2004).