Previous studies showed that treatment with TMP protects against arsenic (TMP 100 μM for 6 h)-induced nephrotoxicity by targeting HO-1 and ARS2, which was further evidenced by the findings that TMP (20 mg/kg/day i.p. for 7 days) relieves gentamicin-induced AKI by enhancing Hax-1 mitochondrial localization in HO-1-dependent mechanisms (Sue et al., 2009; Gong et al., 2016). Here, HMOX1 is linked to acute kidney injury.