In the ROC curves generated to predict accuracy of urinary Gremlin to be a non-invasive biomarker for patients with renal pathology, we reported a cutoff value of 17 ug/gCr of urinary Gremlin for healthy controls and 43 ug/gCr as a cutoff value for patients with glomerular diseases (n = 106) with 72% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity; AUC: 0.96 (CI 95% 0.92–0.99) (Fig. 4A). Here, GREM1 is linked to glomerular disorder.