In summary, we have shown, using clinically relevant human pre-clinical models of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune priming, that HSVGM-CSF is capable of activating an anti-melanoma immune response and that the cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of the currently most clinically advanced class of OV is further boosted by combination with HDAC inhibition. The gene discussed is HDAC9; the disease is neoplasm.