Upon further examination, we demonstrated that PBMCs treated with HSVGM-CSF secreted type I, II, and III IFNs (Figure 2B) and that blockade of type I IFNα/β abrogated HSVGM-CSF-induced activation of NK cells in terms of CD69 expression (Figure 2Ci), NK cell CD107 degranulation (Figure 2Cii), and cytotoxicity against melanoma cells (Figure 2Ciii). Here, CD69 is linked to melanoma.