For example, Chen and coauthors reported that the TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) regulates the CSC and EMT phenotype in HNSCC via TGF-β, CD44, ALDH1, KLF-1 and SOX-2, and elevated expression of TRAF6 clinically correlates with lymphatic spread and poor prognosis [123]. Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.