In particular, the third ERK phosphorylation, the ERKThr188 phosphorylation, is a precondition for cardiac hypertrophy [13] and thus it is interesting to stimulate signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes that contribute to a proper cardiac function, increase cardiac inotrophy and reduce cardiac remodeling by modulation of this rather maladaptive ERK modification. Here, MAPK1 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.