TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide [1] and causes chronic inflammatory reactions, which activate T-cell and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissues, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, from adipose tissue [2].