A tumor-growth-inhibiting activity of Sema3A has also been demonstrated in vivo in this experimental setting, since its expression in U87MG cells implanted in the mouse brain cortex strikingly repressed tumor development; similar tumor-suppressive effects were observed when GBM cells engineered to express Sema3B, Sema3D, Sema3E, or Sema3F were transplanted either in the brain or subcutaneously [26], which is also potentially consistent with their activity in the tumor microenvironment. Here, SEMA3D is linked to glioblastoma.