Conversely, in murine models of advanced colitis mediated by adoptive transfer, CD103+ DCs display low production of TGF-β and reduced activity of the ALDH1A2 gene, one of the enzymes involved in retinoic acid synthesis together with ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3, thus leading to a limited amount of Foxp3+ Tregs and an increase in IFN-γ-producing T cells [78]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colitis.