TXN and Parkinson disease: DJ‐1 can remove PD‐associated aggregated p62, while DJ‐1 deletion will impede basal autophagy and obstruct the mitochondrial dynamics in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.134 DJ‐1 is localized to mitochondria as a constituent of the thioredoxin/apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (Trx/Ask1) complex, which can modulate the elimination of endogenous ROS.135, 136 DJ‐1 deficiency will result in H2O2 accumulation in brain mitochondria, elevated oxidative stress level, and death of DA neurons.137