Tumor cell-derived DNAs can be detected by one of the major DNA sensors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) (a cytosolic DNA sensor), which activates STING and then the TBK1 (the major kinase for IRF7 and IRF3 activation) pathway, thus inducing IFN-1 expression [39, 40]. Here, CGAS is linked to neoplasm.