INS and Polyphagia: Because insufficient insulin prevents the glucose uptake into the body's cells, one of the first symptoms of untreated type 1 DM is weight loss (besides polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia) [34], which was in accordance with the lower body weight in type 1 DM animals (both OVX and non-OVX) compared to their corresponding controls measured in the present study.