Concordantly with these studies performed in vitro, in periodontitis tissue samples, an increase in mRNA of IL-1β, IL-6, IL8, and TNF-α, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), was observed, compared to healthy gingiva [46]. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is periodontitis.