VEGFA and acute kidney injury: MSCs are able to secrete a series of cytokines and trophic growth factors, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [61], vascular endothelial growth factor (vEGF) [62], and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) [63], which may upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins, downregulate pro-apoptotic proteins, reduce Cyt C release and finally minimize mitochondrial injury during AKI.