In a first set of experiments, three different types of human cancer cells, namely thyroid cancer WRO cells, ovarian cancer OAW-42 cells, and breast cancer MCF-7 cells, were exposed to 100 nM HF and eIF2α phosphorylation, chosen to monitor the induction of the AAR, was assessed at 4, 8 and 24 h. Here, EIF2A is linked to breast cancer.