MT-ND4 and cancer: In that work, 6 of the 13 mtDNA encoded proteins of the ETC were identified as BC autoantigens, including 67 clones of ND5 and one clone each of ND4, ND4L, ND6, ND6, COXI, MT-ATP6, and 16S rRNA (MTRNR2, encoding humanin; NC_012920.1; Q8IVG9.1) [18] and a panel (Table 1 and unpublished) of nDNA-encoded mitochondrial proteins recognized as autoantigens by BC sera but not by non-cancer control sera.