Its role in inflammation is well accepted to be mediated by its remodelling of HS thereby modulating the sequestration of cytokines in the extracellular space, affecting leukocytes interaction with endothelium4, 5 and ECM and initiation of innate immune responses through interactions with toll‐like receptor 4.6 HPSE expression is enhanced in almost all malignant tumours examined including various carcinomas, sarcomas and haematological malignancies.7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Heparanase regulates pleiotropic biological activities that promote tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. The gene discussed is HPSE; the disease is cancer.