Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) was significantly separated from control skin by all of the signatures (p < .05); IFNB1 had the greatest size (Hedge’s g = 12.4) followed by IFNW1 (g = 9.7), IFNG (g = 8.7), IFNA2 (g = 7.9), IL12 (g = 5.2), and TNF (g = 2.8) (Fig. 2a). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and discoid lupus erythematosus.