VEGFA and retinopathy of prematurity: In several studies, the levels of VEGF-A in plasma or in serum have been measured in samples from preterm infants following three aims: (1) to analyse the association between VEGF-A concentrations and physiological retinal maturation, (2) the association between VEGF-A concentrations and the development of ROP (treatment requiring or spontaneously regressing), and (3) to control the systemic concentration of VEGF-A before and after intraocular anti-VEGF therapy8–12.