ICAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that reduced nitric oxide (•NO) levels result in endothelial dysfunction [9] and that oxidative stress induces nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway resulting in an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) as well as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) [10].