Since we have shown previously that activation of Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and NF-κB pathways regulate CR-induced crypt hyperplasia [5–10, 27, 28], it is tempting to speculate that induction of basal autophagy in response to CR infection is required to inhibit apoptosis and to promote crypt hyperplasia reminiscent of earliest stages of neoplastic changes associated with colon cancer [9, 10]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.