Consistent with this finding, we performed qPCR for the three M1 and three M2 markers listed above on FACS-isolated CD11b+ TAMs from our NFPA patient specimens to derive an M2/M1 ratio as we have described previously [23] and revealed that 8 of 9 tumors with cavernous sinus invasion had M2/M1 gene expression ratios above one (log (M2/M1)>0), while just 1 of 5 tumors without cavernous sinus invasion had M2/M1 ratio above one (P = 0.02; Table 1; Figure 4C). Here, ITGAM is linked to non-functioning pituitary adenoma.