Furthermore, while S100 proteins have not been directly linked to invasion in pituitary adenomas, the S100A8 and S100A9 proteins have been shown to mediate TAM-induced metastases in colon and lung cancer cell lines [32] and their heterodimer protein, calprotectin, has been found to induce members of the NF-kB and p38 pathways in macrophages, stimulating increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [33]. This evidence concerns the gene S100A9 and lung cancer.