ITGAL and HIV infectious disease: The surface expression of activation markers, CD40 and HLA-DR, and the adhesion molecule, CD11a, is increased on monocytes in HIV infection, and in general, the proportions of SaFAs were directly associated with expression of CD40 (Figure 3A) HLA-DR, and CD11a (Supplemental Figures 4A,B) on each monocyte subset, whereas the proportions of PUFAs were inversely associated with expression of these markers.