TF and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy: Thereafter, the molecular mechanisms underlying the aPL-induced increased expression of TF in monocytes were delineated, suggesting that aPLs induce TF expression in monocytes from APS patients by activating, simultaneously and independently, the phosphorylation of MEK-1/ERK proteins, and the p38 MAP kinase-dependent nuclear translocation and activation of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins (18).