Nrf2 and expression of downstream target genes are decreased in the substantia nigra of aged rats, with Nrf2 overexpression exerting a protective response to neurodegeneration (Habas et al., 2013), including in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to Parkinson disease.