Higher concentrations administration, similar to the doses used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis), stroke-induced edema or immune-related diseases (e.g., MS) increases, in several experimental settings, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the NFKB activation in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats (for review see35). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Arthritis.