Furthermore, we used this approach to analyse cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) expression in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) expression in HEK-293T cells, GAPDH in liver tissue of mouse, as well as the serum levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and the glycosylation status using prostate cancer patient samples. Here, AFP is linked to colon carcinoma.