The risk allele associated with RA is associated with elevated CD40 expression in whole blood.31 As high CD40 expression is associated with elevated TNF-α production and CD40 and CD40L transcripts are increased in the disease tissue in both early and established disease,32 it is not surprising that patients with the CD40 risk allele respond better to TNFi therapies. The gene discussed is CD40; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.