SHH and neoplasm: To investigate the functional roles of SHH expression in the growth of human bladder tumors and the effects of Hh/BMP signaling feedback between the tumor and stroma on the subtype determination of human invasive urothelial carcinoma, we established an orthotopic xenograft model in which one human invasive bladder cancer cell lines J82 was transplanted into immunocompromised mice (Nod/Scid/Rag2), followed by 5’-azacitidine treatment for 1 month (Figure 6D).