To further determine whether our findings in the BBN mouse model showing that the molecular subtype of bladder cancer is determined by the expression of Shh regulated by DNA methylation are valid in human urothelial carcinoma, we performed methylation analysis by bisulfite sequencing in six basal subtypes and three luminal subtypes of primary invasive carcinoma samples (Table 1), and then compared their methylation status to that of three benign urothelia. Here, SHH is linked to invasive carcinoma.