SHH and urothelial carcinoma: Our study reveals that hypermethylation of the CpG shore, the upstream region with a reduced CG density of the CpG island in the Shh promoter region, is responsible for the loss of Shh, and that pharmacological inhibition of DNA methylation with agents such as 5’-azacitidine induces increased expression of Shh, thereby halting the progression of urothelial carcinoma.