We also show an association between copeptin, visceral obesity, and the presence of MS, a finding in line with previous studies demonstrating a role of copeptin in glucose and lipid metabolism [3, 4, 6, 17, 34] which likely underlies the increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases associated to elevated copeptin observed in many longitudinal studies [7–16]. This evidence concerns the gene AVP and myeloid sarcoma.