Young adults and adolescents with FXS show neuroanatomical abnormalities [10], and the regions of the brain that are significantly impacted by the loss of FMRP are the hippocampus (a structure that plays a critical role in the learning and memory and the regulation of mood and cognition [11]), the cerebellum, and the basal forebrain (nucleus basalis) [12]. Here, FMR1 is linked to fragile X syndrome.