LDHA and breast carcinoma: Although LDHA has a net charge of −6, and a higher affinity for pyruvate (it preferentially converts pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+), whereas LDHB has a net charge of +1, and a higher affinity for lactate (preferentially converts lactate to pyruvate and NAD+ to NADH) [1,7], an experiment with a stable long-term knockdown of LDHA in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells has shown lack of changes in their glycolytic activity (defined by the production of lactic acid and ATP) [10].