TNF and cancer: Kim et al., in 2013, made an attempt to make highly porous PLGA microparticles entrapping doxorubicin where the surface of the particles was decorated with Apo2L/TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) that binds selectively to death receptors such as DR4/TRAIL-R1 expressed specifically on cancer cells.