PTGS2 and inflammatory bowel disease: In agreement with these findings, a study performed on a rat model of spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease (HLA-B27) found that diet supplementation with 7.6% (w w−1) of lyophilized apples rich in flavan-3-ol monomers and proanthocyanidins (2.8 and 26.1 mg g−1 respectively), reduced MPO activity along with cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in intestinal tissues [35].