The robust elevation of NKCC2 and AQP2 protein levels upon exposure to water restriction in the absence of significant increase of urinary vasopressin in SCD mice led us to examine the NFAT5 pathway, because NFAT5 has been shown to control AQP2 and UTA1 expression independent of vasopressin (Nakayama et al. The gene discussed is NFAT5; the disease is Schnyder corneal dystrophy.