TNF and heart failure: TNF‐induced TNFR1 signalling results in NF‐κB activation, which was shown to participate in heart failure and pathological remodelling.20 Studies suggest that the NF‐κB/p65‐regulated phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin light chain (MLC) alleviated the TNF‐α–induced injury of intestinal epithelial cells.21