TNF and neoplasm: To identify the roles of TNFα and IL-1β in regulating tumor-stroma interactions in TNBC, we have extended currently-available studies on TNFα and IL-1β in TNBC patients (50–52) and compared the expression levels of TNFα and IL-1β in two subtypes of breast tumors: (1) Basal tumors, corresponding to the TNBC subtype, which has a most aggressive phenotype; (2) Luminal-A tumors having the best prognosis of all breast cancer subtypes.