In diabetes, expression levels of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the small intestine are reported to be increased 3 to 4-fold compared to non-diabetic controls in both human and animal studies (Fedorak et al., 1991; Burant et al., 1994; Dyer et al., 1997, 2002). This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A1 and diabetes mellitus.