ESR1 and osteoporosis: More importantly, ESR1 has been implicated to play a role in the bone metabolism of osteoporosis, osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, immune cells, and other cells to maintain bone mineral density with varieties of mechanisms [21]. Therefore, it was not surprising to detect abnormal expression of ESR1 in patients with IVD disease and it proved that our signaling network and qRT-PCR screening was effective, informative, and identified potential molecules.